Magento 2 remove "Estimate shipping costs and tax" from cart

I think you messed up some closing / opening tags and amount of them this code works:

<referenceBlock name="checkout.cart.shipping">
    <arguments>
        <argument name="jsLayout" xsi:type="array">
            <item name="components" xsi:type="array">
                <item name="block-summary" xsi:type="array">

                    <!-- My custom part: -->
                    <item name="config" xsi:type="array">
                        <item name="componentDisabled" xsi:type="boolean">true</item>
                    </item>

                </item>
            </item>
        </argument>
    </arguments>
</referenceBlock>

To remove the heading as well, override the template checkout/cart/shipping.phtml and comment/remove the following:

<div class="title" data-role="title">
    <strong id="block-shipping-heading" role="heading" aria-level="2">
        <?php /* @escapeNotVerified */ echo $block->getQuote()->isVirtual() ? __('Estimate Tax') : __('Estimate Shipping and Tax') ?>
    </strong>
</div>

I also needed to get rid of the "Estimate Shipping costs and Tax" because of a conflict with a payment module.

If your only objective is to not show the block, why not use CSS? This worked for me:

.cart-container .cart-summary #block-shipping {
    display: none;
}

(Version: Magento 2.2.1)

Edit: I tested the above on 2.3.3 and it also removed the carts sub-total and totals. The below CSS will hide just the estimate shipping and tax. For Version 2.3.3:

.checkout-cart-index #block-shipping { display: none; }

You can just add the following to checkout_cart_index.xml (in your custom theme, not core of course)

<referenceBlock name="checkout.cart.shipping" display="false"/>