main difference between let and var code example

Example: difference between var and let

var is function scoped and let is block scoped. Let's say you have:
function understanding_var() {
	if (1 == 1) {
    	var x = 5;
        console.log('the value of x inside the if statement is ' + x);
    }
    console.log(x);
} 
//output: the value of x inside the if statement is 5
		  5

function understanding_let() {
	if (1 == 1) {
    	let x = 5;
        console.log('the value of x inside the if statement is ' + x);
    }
    console.log(x);
} 
//output: the value of x inside the if statement is 5
		  Uncaught ReferenceError: x is not defined
          
var is defined throughout the entire function, even if it's inside the if 
statement, but the scope of let is always within the curly braces, not outside
it, even if the conditional statement is inside the function.