Maximum number of threads per process in Linux?

Linux doesn't have a separate threads per process limit, just a limit on the total number of processes on the system (threads are essentially just processes with a shared address space on Linux) which you can view like this:

cat /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max

The default is the number of memory pages/4. You can increase this like:

echo 100000 > /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max

There is also a limit on the number of processes (and hence threads) that a single user may create, see ulimit/getrlimit for details regarding these limits.

This is WRONG to say that LINUX doesn't have a separate threads per process limit.

Linux implements max number of threads per process indirectly!!

number of threads = total virtual memory / (stack size*1024*1024)

Thus, the number of threads per process can be increased by increasing total virtual memory or by decreasing stack size. But, decreasing stack size too much can lead to code failure due to stack overflow while max virtual memory is equals to the swap memory.

Check you machine:

Total Virtual Memory: ulimit -v (default is unlimited, thus you need to increase swap memory to increase this)

Total Stack Size: ulimit -s (default is 8Mb)

Command to increase these values:

ulimit -s newvalue

ulimit -v newvalue

*Replace new value with the value you want to put as limit.

References:

http://dustycodes.wordpress.com/2012/02/09/increasing-number-of-threads-per-process/

In practical terms, the limit is usually determined by stack space. If each thread gets a 1MB stack (I can't remember if that is the default on Linux), then you a 32-bit system will run out of address space after 3000 threads (assuming that the last gb is reserved to the kernel).

However, you'll most likely experience terrible performance if you use more than a few dozen threads. Sooner or later, you get too much context-switching overhead, too much overhead in the scheduler, and so on. (Creating a large number of threads does little more than eat a lot of memory. But a lot of threads with actual work to do is going to slow you down as they're fighting for the available CPU time)

What are you doing where this limit is even relevant?