Merge two dicts by same key

if not all the keys from d2 are in d1, then the simplest thing is using set union and dict.get:

combined_keys = d1.keys() | d2.keys()
d_comb = {key: d1.get(key, []) + d2.get(key, []) for key in combined_keys}

You almost had it, instead use + to append both lists:

{key: d1[key] + d2[key] for key in d1}

{'a': [2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15],
 'b': [1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, 14, 16],
 'c': [0, 4, 5, 8, 10, 21, 23, 35]}