mktextfm ptmr8t errors

It means you have a missing font (! Font T1/ptm/m/n/12=ptmr8t at 12.0pt not loadable: Metric (TFM) file not found).

According to this site, the package for Ubuntu is texlive-fonts-recommended. For Cygwin, the package is texlive-collection-fontsrecommended (use the standard Cygwin installer).

For people using BasicTeX: Install collection-fontsrecommended.