Mysterious blank folder keeps showing up on my desktop
According to this discussion, this issue seems to be related to remnants of an old Microsoft Office 2010 installation.
http://www.sevenforums.com/general-discussion/256250-random-empty-folder-keeps-appearing-desktop.html
The fix suggests searching the registry for 138508BC-1E03-49EA-9C8F-EA9E1D05D65D
and removing occurrences.
Going to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Desktop\NameSpace\
and removing these keys:
138508BC-1E03-49EA-9C8F-EA9E1D05D65D
0875DCB6-C686-4243-9432-ADCCF0B9F2D7
appears to have taken care of this bizarre problem.