North America Transit data

No API, but you can find references to individual transit agencies that have their data public: GTFS Data. You could write a script to download/combine data from the references.

Some cities have open data agreements, like Toronto (www.toronto.ca/open), and you could obtain transit data from these for the cities you require and aggregate them (if you wanted one network of all transit) or use them in your analyses as you see fit. I'm reasonably certain that the Toronto dataset contains all of your parameters.

You will not be able to find a one-stop-shop for transit data, as some agencies view there data/information as copyrighted and proprietary (see New York) and not for outside or unapproved use.

Some agencies openly share and embrace third party users to expand and extend to support the public (Portland is one, Denver another) but you will see a mixed bag.

Good Opportunities to be better; but in the end many agencies are afraid of having the tax-payer/fare-payer see how good/bad there service/coverage is and just don't want to have it out there

As a former consultant is the Tranit Arena, I have seen this first hand.