<noscript> in <head>
Using the HTML5 Doctype, I have a declaration in my <head> with a <link> element that points to a no-js.css stylesheet. It validates and seems to work fine.
HTML5 adds support to <noscript> in the <head>: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_noscript.asp
You are as long as you do it in HTML documents and not XHTML.
In a head element [...], the noscript element must contain only link, style, and meta elements.
See specification.
According to the XHTML Strict DTD, no, you're allowed script, style, meta, link, object, title and base only. Transitional allows isindex as well, but still not noscript.