Pandas: resample a dataframe to match a DatetimeIndex of a different dataframe

Use reindex:

series2.reindex(series1.index)

Output:

2020-06-16 23:16:00     2
2020-06-16 23:17:00     4
2020-06-16 23:18:00     6
2020-06-16 23:19:00     8
2020-06-16 23:20:00    10
2020-06-16 23:21:00    12
2020-06-16 23:22:00    14
2020-06-16 23:23:00    16
2020-06-16 23:24:00    18
2020-06-16 23:25:00    20
2020-06-16 23:26:00    22
2020-06-16 23:27:00    24
2020-06-16 23:28:00    26
2020-06-16 23:29:00    28
2020-06-16 23:30:00    30
2020-06-16 23:31:00    32
2020-06-16 23:32:00    34
2020-06-16 23:33:00    36
2020-06-16 23:34:00    38
2020-06-16 23:35:00    40
2020-06-16 23:36:00    42
2020-06-16 23:37:00    44
2020-06-16 23:38:00    46
2020-06-16 23:39:00    48
2020-06-16 23:40:00    50
Freq: T, dtype: int64

Wouldn't a simple resample yield the results are looking for?

series2.resample('T').first()

If your goal is to merge the resampled timestamp back to the first dataset, you could do that as follows:

dt_map = {}
for group_label, group_series in series2.resample('T'):
    dt_map.update({x:group_label for x in group_series.index})

# Overwrite the index
series2.index = series2.index.map(dt_map)

Note: If you want to perform an aggregate function, stick with the first option.

IIUC, this is what you need:

series2[series2.index.isin(series1.index)]