Penrose tiling in TikZ
Third edit: a faster and more customizable variation!
Features of this version:
- builds Penrose tilings with Robinson's triangles (semikites and semidarts) or kite and dart.
- uses TikZ styles to specify filling and drawing.
- uses TikZ styles to design shapes of each pieces.
- provides TikZ styles to use Penrose tilings as pattern.
My (long) code is divided in several parts.
Here's the longest part (preamble, some default styles and the macros to build and to draw/fill tilings by recursion):
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
% phi = golden ratio = (1+sqrt(5))/2
% invphi = 1/phi
% n: number of decompositions left to do
% ver: starting vertex
% angle: direction of first edge
% len: lenght of first edge
% rot: sense of rotation (0 => anticlockwise, 1 => clockwise)
\pgfmathsetmacro{\invphi}{2/(1+sqrt(5))}
% default styles
\tikzset{
% borders style
penrose line/.style={draw=black,line join=round},
% semikites and semidarts styles
penrose clockwise semikite/.style={penrose line},
penrose anticlockwise semikite/.style={penrose line},
penrose clockwise semidart/.style={penrose line},
penrose anticlockwise semidart/.style={penrose line},
% kites and darts styles
penrose kite/.style={penrose line},
penrose dart/.style={penrose line},
% the three paths (and the three corresponding reverse paths)
penrose common/.style={},
penrose path 1/.style={penrose common},
penrose path 2/.style={penrose common},
penrose path 3/.style={penrose common},
penrose rev path 1/.style={penrose common},
penrose rev path 2/.style={penrose common},
penrose rev path 3/.style={penrose common},
}
\newcommand\penrosedrawclockwisesemikite[3]{% ver, angle, len
% semikite (clockwise)
\path (#1) +(#2:#3) coordinate (#1-b) +(#2-36:#3) coordinate (#1-c);
\path[penrose anticlockwise semikite] (#1)
to[penrose path 1] (#1-b)
to[penrose path 2] (#1-c)
to[penrose path 3] (#1);
}
\newcommand\penrosedrawanticlockwisesemikite[3]{% ver, angle, len
% semikite (anticlockwise)
\path (#1) +(#2:#3) coordinate (#1-b) +(#2+36:#3) coordinate (#1-c);
\path[penrose clockwise semikite] (#1)
to[penrose path 1] (#1-b)
to[penrose path 2] (#1-c)
to[penrose path 3] (#1);
}
\newcommand\penrosesemikite[5]{% n, ver, angle, len, rot
\ifnum#1=0 % draw or recursive decomposition ?
\ifnum#5=1 % anticlockwise or clockwise ?
\penrosedrawclockwisesemikite{#2}{#3}{#4}
\else
\penrosedrawanticlockwisesemikite{#2}{#3}{#4}
\fi
\else
{
% decomposition (semikite => 2 semikites and 1 semidart)
\edef\dep{#1}
\edef\ver{#2}
\edef\angle{#3}
\edef\len{#4}
\edef\rot{#5}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\n}{\dep-1}
\edef\namex{\ver\n}
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\newlen}{\len*\invphi}
\ifnum#5=1 % anticlockwise or clockwise ?
\path (\ver) ++(\angle-36:\len) coordinate (\namex);
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\newanglea}{mod(\angle+108,360)}
\penrosesemikite{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{1}
\penrosesemikite{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{0}
\penrosesemidart{\n}{\ver}{\angle}{\newlen}{1}
\else
\path (\ver) ++(\angle+36:\len) coordinate (\namex);
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\newanglea}{mod(\angle-108,360)}
\penrosesemikite{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{0}
\penrosesemikite{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{1}
\penrosesemidart{\n}{\ver}{\angle}{\newlen}{0}
\fi
}
\fi
}
\newcommand\penrosedrawkite[3]{% ver, angle, len
% kite (current clockwise semikite + opposite anticlockwise semikite)
\path (#1)
+(#2+36:#3) coordinate (#1-b)
+(#2:#3) coordinate (#1-c)
+(#2-36:#3) coordinate (#1-d);
\path[penrose kite] (#1)
to[penrose path 1] (#1-b)
to[penrose rev path 2] (#1-c)
to[penrose path 2] (#1-d)
to[penrose rev path 1] (#1);
}
\newcommand\penrosekite[5]{% n, ver, angle, len, rot
\ifnum#1=0 % draw or recursive decomposition ?
\ifnum#5=1 % draw kite if current semikite is clockwise
\penrosedrawkite{#2}{#3}{#4}
\fi
\else
{
% decomposition (semikite => 2 semikites and 1 semidart)
\edef\dep{#1}
\edef\ver{#2}
\edef\angle{#3}
\edef\len{#4}
\edef\rot{#5}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\n}{\dep-1}
\edef\namex{\ver\n}
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\newlen}{\len*\invphi}
\ifnum#5=1 % anticlockwise or clockwise ?
\path (\ver) ++(\angle-36:\len) coordinate (\namex);
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\newanglea}{mod(\angle+108,360)}
\penrosekite{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{1}
\penrosekite{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{0}
\penrosedart{\n}{\ver}{\angle}{\newlen}{1}
\else
\path (\ver) ++(\angle+36:\len) coordinate (\namex);
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\newanglea}{mod(\angle-108,360)}
\penrosekite{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{0}
\penrosekite{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{1}
\penrosedart{\n}{\ver}{\angle}{\newlen}{0}
\fi
}
\fi
}
\newcommand\penrosedrawclockwisesemidart[3]{
% semidart (clockwise)
\path (#1)
+(#2:#3) coordinate (#1-b)
+(#2-36:#3*\invphi) coordinate (#1-c);
\path[penrose anticlockwise semidart] (#1)
to[penrose path 3] (#1-b)
to[penrose path 2] (#1-c)
to[penrose path 1] (#1);
}
\newcommand\penrosedrawanticlockwisesemidart[3]{
% semidart (anticlockwise)
\path (#1)
+(#2:#3) coordinate (#1-b)
+(#2+36:#3*\invphi) coordinate (#1-c);
\path[penrose clockwise semidart] (#1)
to[penrose path 3] (#1-b)
to[penrose path 2] (#1-c)
to[penrose path 1] (#1);
}
\newcommand\penrosesemidart[5]{% n, ver, angle, len, rot
\ifnum#1=0 % draw or recursive decomposition ?
\ifnum#5=1 % anticlockwise or clockwise ?
\penrosedrawclockwisesemidart{#2}{#3}{#4}
\else
\penrosedrawanticlockwisesemidart{#2}{#3}{#4}
\fi
\else
{
% decomposition (semidart => 1 semikite and 1 semidart)
\edef\dep{#1}
\edef\ver{#2}
\edef\angle{#3}
\edef\len{#4}
\edef\rot{#5}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\n}{\dep-1}
\edef\namex{\ver\n}
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\newlen}{\len*\invphi}
\path (\ver) ++(\angle:\len) coordinate (\namex);
\ifnum#5=1 % anticlockwise or clockwise
\pgfmathsetmacro{\newanglea}{mod(\angle-144,360)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\newangleb}{mod(\angle-36,360)}
\penrosesemidart{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{1}
\penrosesemikite{\n}{\ver}{\newangleb}{\newlen}{0}
\else
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\newanglea}{mod(\angle+144,360)}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\newangleb}{mod(\angle+36,360)}
\penrosesemidart{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{0}
\penrosesemikite{\n}{\ver}{\newangleb}{\newlen}{1}
\fi
}
\fi
}
\newcommand\penrosedrawdart[3]{
% dart (current clockwise semidart + opposite anticlockwise semidart)
\path (#1)
+(#2:#3) coordinate (#1-b)
+(#2-36:#3*\invphi) coordinate (#1-c)
+(#2-72:#3) coordinate (#1-d);
\path[penrose dart] (#1)
to[penrose path 3] (#1-b)
to[penrose path 2] (#1-c)
to[penrose rev path 2] (#1-d)
to[penrose rev path 3] (#1);
}
\newcommand\penrosedart[5]{% n, ver, angle, len, rot
\ifnum#1=0 % draw or recursive decomposition ?
\ifnum#5=1 % draw dart if current semidart is clockwise
\penrosedrawdart{#2}{#3}{#4}
\fi
\else
{
% decomposition (semidart => 1 semikite and 1 semidart)
\edef\dep{#1}
\edef\ver{#2}
\edef\angle{#3}
\edef\len{#4}
\edef\rot{#5}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\n}{\dep-1}
\edef\namex{\ver\n}
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\newlen}{\len*\invphi}
\path (\ver) ++(\angle:\len) coordinate (\namex);
\ifnum#5=1 % anticlockwise or clockwise
\pgfmathsetmacro{\newanglea}{mod(\angle-144,360)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\newangleb}{mod(\angle-36,360)}
\penrosedart{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{1}
\penrosekite{\n}{\ver}{\newangleb}{\newlen}{0}
\else
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\newanglea}{mod(\angle+144,360)}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\newangleb}{mod(\angle+36,360)}
\penrosedart{\n}{\namex}{\newanglea}{\newlen}{0}
\penrosekite{\n}{\ver}{\newangleb}{\newlen}{1}
\fi
}
\fi
}
The second part provides four styles to use Penrose tilings as fill pattern of arbitrary path:
\newcommand\setveclength[5]{%
%\typeout{-#1-#2-#3-#4-}%
\pgfpointanchor{#2}{#3}
\pgfgetlastxy{\penrosexa}{\penroseya}
\pgfpointanchor{#4}{#5}
\pgfgetlastxy{\penrosexb}{\penroseyb}
\pgfmathparse{veclen(\penrosexb-\penrosexa,\penroseyb-\penroseya)}
\edef#1{\pgfmathresult}
}
\tikzset{
semipenrose sym fill/.style={
path picture={
\setveclength{\mylen}%
{path picture bounding box}{center}%
{path picture bounding box}{north west}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\len}{1.17*\mylen}
\begin{scope}[shift={(path picture bounding box.center)}]
\foreach \level in {0,...,4}{
\begin{scope}[rotate=\level*72+9]
\coordinate (a) at (0,0);
\penrosesemikite{#1}{a}{0}{\len pt}{0}
\penrosesemikite{#1}{a}{0}{\len pt}{1}
\end{scope}
}
\end{scope}
}
},
semipenrose fill/.style={
path picture={
\setveclength{\mylen}%
{path picture bounding box}{center}%
{path picture bounding box}{west}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\len}{1.33*\mylen}
\begin{scope}[shift={(path picture bounding box.center)},rotate=9]
\coordinate (a) at (-\len pt,0);
\path (a) +(36:2*\len pt) coordinate (b);
\path (a) +(-36:2*\len pt) coordinate (c);
\penrosesemidart{#1}{b}{36-180}{2*\len pt}{1}
\penrosesemikite{#1}{a}{0}{2*\len pt}{0}
\penrosesemikite{#1}{a}{0}{2*\len pt}{1}
\penrosesemidart{#1}{c}{180-36}{2*\len pt}{0}
\end{scope}
}
},
penrose sym fill/.style={
path picture={
\setveclength{\mylen}%
{path picture bounding box}{center}%
{path picture bounding box}{north west}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\len}{1.23*\mylen}
\begin{scope}[shift={(path picture bounding box.center)}]
\foreach \level in {0,...,4}{
\begin{scope}[rotate=\level*72+9]
\coordinate (a) at (0,0);
\penrosekite{#1}{a}{18}{\len pt}{0}
\penrosekite{#1}{a}{18}{\len pt}{1}
\end{scope}
}
\end{scope}
}
},
penrose fill/.style={
path picture={
\setveclength{\mylen}%
{path picture bounding box}{center}%
{path picture bounding box}{west}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\len}{2.38*\mylen}
\begin{scope}[shift={(path picture bounding box.center)},rotate=9]
\coordinate (a) at (-\len pt,0);
\path (a) +(36:2*\len pt) coordinate (b);
\path (a) +(-36:2*\len pt) coordinate (c);
\penrosedart{#1}{b}{36-180}{2*\len pt}{1}
\penrosekite{#1}{a}{0}{2*\len pt}{0}
\penrosekite{#1}{a}{0}{2*\len pt}{1}
\penrosedart{#1}{c}{180-36}{2*\len pt}{0}
\end{scope}
}
},
}
...then some examples.
First example (with default values):
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.arrows}
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\len}{4cm}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\recurs}{5}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{
gray arrow/.style={
fill=gray,minimum height=.5cm,rotate=-90,
single arrow,single arrow head extend=1mm,
},
}
% explanations of building process
\begin{scope}
\path (-4cm,0) coordinate (a)
+(.75cm,-1.25cm) coordinate (arr)
++(0,-2.5cm) coordinate (b);
\penrosesemikite{0}{a}{0}{1.5cm}{0}
\penrosesemikite{1}{b}{0}{1.5cm}{0}
\node[gray arrow] at (arr){};
\path (-2cm,0) coordinate (a)
+(.75cm,-1.25cm) coordinate (arr)
++(0,-2.5cm) coordinate (b);
\penrosesemikite{0}{a}{0}{1.5cm}{1}
\penrosesemikite{1}{b}{0}{1.5cm}{1}
\node[gray arrow] at (arr){};
\path (0cm,0) coordinate (a)
+(.75cm,-1.25cm) coordinate (arr)
++(0,-2.5cm) coordinate (b);
\penrosesemidart{0}{a}{0}{1.5cm}{0}
\penrosesemidart{1}{b}{0}{1.5cm}{0}
\node[gray arrow] at (arr){};
\path (2cm,0) coordinate (a)
+(.75cm,-1.25cm) coordinate (arr)
++(0,-2.5cm) coordinate (b);
\penrosesemidart{0}{a}{0}{1.5cm}{1}
\penrosesemidart{1}{b}{0}{1.5cm}{1}
\node[gray arrow] at (arr){};
\end{scope}
% example of semidarts and semikites
\begin{scope}[yshift=-2*\len]
\foreach \level in {0,...,4}{
\begin{scope}[rotate=\level*72]
\coordinate (a) at (0,0);
\penrosesemikite{\recurs}{a}{0}{\len}{0}
\penrosesemikite{\recurs}{a}{0}{\len}{1}
\end{scope}
}
\end{scope}
% explanations of building process
\begin{scope}[yshift=-3.3*\len]
\path (-3cm,0) coordinate (a)
+(.75cm,-1.25cm) coordinate (arr)
++(0,-2.5cm) coordinate (b);
\penrosesemikite{0}{a}{0}{1.5cm}{1}
\penrosesemikite{0}{a}{0}{1.5cm}{0}
\penrosekite{0}{b}{0}{1.5cm}{1}
\penrosekite{0}{b}{0}{1.5cm}{0}
\node[gray arrow] at (arr){};
\path (1cm,0) coordinate (a)
+(.75cm,-1.25cm) coordinate (arr)
++(0,-2.5cm) coordinate (b);
\penrosesemidart{0}{a}{36}{1.5cm}{1}
\penrosesemidart{0}{a}{-36}{1.5cm}{0}
\penrosedart{0}{b}{36}{1.5cm}{1}
\penrosedart{0}{b}{-36}{1.5cm}{0}
\node[gray arrow] at (arr){};
\end{scope}
% example of darts and kites
\begin{scope}[yshift=-5.2*\len]
\foreach \level in {0,...,4}{
\begin{scope}[rotate=\level*72]
\coordinate (a) at (0,0);
\penrosekite{\recurs}{a}{0}{\len}{0}
\penrosekite{\recurs}{a}{0}{\len}{1}
\end{scope}
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
The same example by appending the following lines :
\tikzset{
% style for borders
line/.style={draw=white,rounded corners=0pt},
% styles for semikites and semidarts
penrose clockwise semikite/.style={fill=orange,line},
penrose anticlockwise semikite/.style={fill=orange!50!black,line},
penrose clockwise semidart/.style={fill=cyan!80,line},
penrose anticlockwise semidart/.style={fill=cyan!50,line},
% styles for kites and darts
penrose kite/.style={fill=red!75!black,line},
penrose dart/.style={fill=olive!75!white,line},
}
Third example with shape variations (by appending the following lines):
% set the three paths (and the three reverse paths)
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\defang}{36}
\tikzset{
common/.style={relative,looseness=1},
penrose path 1/.style={out=\defang,in=180-\defang,common},
penrose path 2/.style={out=\defang,in=180-\defang,common},
penrose path 3/.style={out=-\defang,in=180+\defang,common},
penrose rev path 1/.style={out=-\defang,in=180+\defang,common},
penrose rev path 2/.style={out=-\defang,in=180+\defang,common},
penrose rev path 3/.style={out=\defang,in=180-\defang,common},
}
Last example: using Penrose tiling as pattern.
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
% some colors
\tikzset{
penrose line/.style={draw=white,line join=round,
line width=.1pt,rounded corners=2pt},
penrose kite/.style={left color=blue,right color=cyan,penrose line},
penrose dart/.style={left color=yellow,right color=red,penrose line},
}
\begin{scope}
% four styles exists: 'penrose fill', 'penrose sym fill',
% 'semipenrose fill' and 'semipenrose sym fill'.
% (argument is depth of recursion)
\path[penrose fill=7,rounded corners=0mm]
(0,.2) -- (4,0) -- (3,3) -- (2,2) -- (1,2) -- cycle;
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
run with xelatex or pdflatex -shell-escape or pdflatex -enable-write18 (for Windows)
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[pdf]{pstricks}
\begin{document}
\begin{pspicture}(10,8)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=penrose](0,4)(5,8)(10,4)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=penrose,psscale=0.2](0,0)(5,4)(10,0)
\end{pspicture}
\begin{pspicture}(10,8)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=penroseA,hatchcolor=white](0,4)(5,8)(10,4)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=penroseA,psscale=0.5,
kitecolor=yellow,dartcolor=cyan,hatchcolor=blue](0,0)(5,4)(10,0)
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}
This is my first attempt with TikZ. I try to make this : Penrose_tiling(P1). I agree with Herbert that the better method is to use a recursion but for the moment, I don't know how to begin a recursion in this case. So here I try only to reproduce the drawing that you can see in the link.
version 7
Remarks :
1) Now with the same methods, it's easy to get the complete figure given in the link.
2) Now it's interesting to find another way ...
3) I changed some names for options like penta instead of hexa. I added the green stars surrounded by five pentagons. I added the code for the little part at the end of my answer.
Some explanations. First I draw a pentagone (s) then I draw inside (s) five pentagons. I used \l=0.382 cm because I have not had the courage to make an effort to calculate the ratio between the lengths of pentagons ( but it's not a real great problem).
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
\begin{document}
\def\l{0.382cm}
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=2,
transform shape,
penta/.style= {shape = regular polygon,
regular polygon sides = 5,
minimum size = #1,
inner sep = 0,
outer sep = 0,
anchor = south,
fill = lightgray}]
\node[penta=1cm,fill=yellow] (s) {};
\foreach \i in {1,...,5} {\node[draw,penta=\l,anchor=corner \i] at (s.corner \i) {};}
\node[penta=\l,anchor=center,fill=MidnightBlue,rotate=36] at (s.center) {};
\begin{scope}[rotate=108,sub penta/.style= {draw,penta=\l,anchor=corner \j}]
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{%
\node[penta=1cm,fill=yellow,anchor=corner \i] (s\i) at (s.corner \i){};
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}{%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\k{mod(\i,5)+1}
\ifnum\j=\i \tikzset{sub penta/.append style={fill=red}} \fi
\ifnum\j=\k \tikzset{sub penta/.append style={fill=red}} \fi
\node[sub penta] (s\i\j) at (s\i.corner \j){};
}
\node[penta=\l,anchor=center,fill=MidnightBlue,rotate=36] at (s\i.center) {};
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\ii{mod(\i+1,5)+1}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\iii{mod(\i+3,5)+1}
\node[penta=\l,anchor=corner \ii,fill=red,rotate=36,draw] (ss\i) at (s\i.corner \iii) {};
}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\ii{mod(\i,5)+1}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\j{mod(\i+1,5)+1}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\k{mod(\i+2,5)+1}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\h{mod(\i+2,5)+1}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\l{mod(\i+3,5)+1}
\fill[MidnightBlue!40,draw=black] (s.corner \i)
-- (s\i\i.corner \l)
-- (s\i\i.corner \k)
-- (ss\i.corner \ii)
-- (ss\i.corner \i)
-- (s\ii\j.corner \l)
-- (s\ii\j.corner \h)
-- cycle;
}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\j{mod(\i+2,5)+1}
\node[penta=1cm,fill=yellow,anchor=corner \i,rotate=-36] (t\i) at (s\i\j.corner \j) {t};
\node[penta=1cm,fill=yellow,anchor=corner \i,rotate=108] (u\i) at (s\i\j.corner \j) {};
\foreach \k in {1,...,5} {%
\node[draw,penta=\l,anchor=corner \k,rotate=-36,fill=red] (t\i\k) at (t\i.corner \k) {};}
\foreach \k in {1,...,5} {%
\node[draw,penta=\l,anchor=corner \k,rotate=108,fill=red]
(u\i\k) at (u\i.corner \k) {};}
\node[penta=\l,anchor=center,fill=MidnightBlue] at (t\i.center) {};
\node[penta=\l,anchor=center,fill=MidnightBlue] at (u\i.center) {};
}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5} {%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\j{mod(\i+3,5)+1}
\node[sub penta,fill=lightgray,anchor=center,rotate=36] at (t\i\j){};
\node[sub penta,fill=lightgray,anchor=center,rotate=36] at (u\j\i){};
}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5} {%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\j{mod(\i+2,5)+1}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\k{mod(\i+3,5)+1}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\h{mod(\i+1,5)+1}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\l{mod(\i,5)+1}
\fill[green] (ss\i.corner \h) -- (t\l\h.corner \k) --
(u\i\j.corner \i) -- (ss\i.corner \k) --
(u\i\j.corner \j) -- cycle;
}
\end{scope}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}{%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\k{mod(\j+1,5)+1}
\begin{scope}[rotate=108]
\node[penta=1cm,fill=yellow,anchor=corner \k] (xs\j) at (u\j.corner \k) {};
\foreach \i in {1,...,5} {\node[draw,penta=\l,anchor=corner \i] at
(xs\j.corner \i) {};}
\node[penta=\l,anchor=center,fill=MidnightBlue,rotate=36] at (xs\j.center) {};
\end{scope}
}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\j{mod(\i,5)+1}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\k{mod(\i+1,5)+1} \pgfmathtruncatemacro\h{mod(\i+2,5)+1}
\begin{scope}[sub penta/.style= {draw,penta=\l},rotate=36+(\i-1)*72]
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 4,draw=black] (p1) at (t\j\i.corner \j) {};
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 3,draw=black] (p2) at (p1.corner 5) {};
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 4,draw=black] (p3) at (p2.corner 1) {};
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 5,draw=black] (p4) at (p3.corner 2) {};
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 1,draw=black] (p5) at (p4.corner 3) {};
\fill[green] (p1.corner 5) -- (p3.corner 2) -- (p5.corner 4) -- (p2.corner 1) --
(p4.corner 3) -- cycle;
\fill[MidnightBlue!40,draw=black] (p1.corner 3) -- (p1.corner 4) --
(t\j\i.corner \k) --
(t\j\j.corner \i) --
(t\j\j.corner \j) --
(u\j\j.corner \k) -- (u\j\j.corner \h) -- cycle;
\end{scope}}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Green star surrounded by five pentagons
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=2,
transform shape,
penta/.style= {shape = regular polygon,
regular polygon sides = 5,
minimum size = #1,
inner sep = 0,
outer sep = 0,
anchor = south,
fill = lightgray}]
\begin{scope}[sub penta/.style= {draw,penta=\l}]
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 4,draw=black] (p1) {};
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 3,draw=black] (p2) at (p1.corner 5) {};
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 4,draw=black] (p3) at (p2.corner 1) {};
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 5,draw=black] (p4) at (p3.corner 2) {};
\node[sub penta,red,anchor=corner 1,draw=black] (p5) at (p4.corner 3) {};
\fill[green] (p1.corner 5) -- (p3.corner 2) -- (p5.corner 4) --
(p2.corner 1) -- (p4.corner 3) -- cycle;
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
With
\def\r{2.31}
\draw[shift=(s.center),clip] (-54:\r) -- (18:\r) -- (90:\r) -- (162:\r) -- (234:\r) -- cycle;
we get :
