Per-chapter bibliographies in biblatex

It sounds like you want the refsection environment, detailed in Section 3.11.3 of biblatex

\begin{filecontents*}{references.bib}
@BOOK{childs_temperature,
  title = {Practical Temperature Measurement},
  publisher = {Butterworth - Heinemann},
  year = {2001},
  author = {Childs, Peter R N},
  address = {Great Britain},
  edition = {1},
  isbn = {0 7506 5080 X}
  }

  @PHDTHESIS{hashemian,
  author = {Hashemian, Hashem Mehrdad},
  title = {Measurements of dynamic temperatures and pressures in nuclear power plants},
  school = {{The University of Western Ontario}},
  year = {2011},
  type = {PhD {T}hesis}
  }
\end{filecontents*}

\documentclass{report}
 \usepackage[style=alphabetic]{biblatex}
 \addbibresource{references.bib}

 \begin{document}
 \begin{refsection}
 \chapter{First chapter}
 \section{Foo}
 Some text \cite{childs_temperature}.
 \printbibliography
 \end{refsection}

 \begin{refsection}
 \chapter{Second chapter}
 \section{Bar}
 Some text \cite{hashemian}.
 \printbibliography[heading=subbibliography]
 \end{refsection}

 \nocite{*}
 \printbibliography
 \end{document}

Just to clarify, the compilation sequence is

pdflatex myfile.tex
biber myfile.bcf
pdflatex myfile.tex
pdflatex myfile.tex

You don't have to use the file extensions if you'd prefer not to :)

If you'd prefer to use bibtex then use

\usepackage[style=alphabetic,backend=bibtex]{biblatex}

and then run

pdflatex myfile.tex
bibtex myfile1-blx.aux
bibtex myfile2-blx.aux
bibtex myfile.aux
pdflatex myfile.tex
pdflatex myfile.tex

without the extensions if you wish.