how to create user role in wordpress code example

Example 1: wordpress make custom role

/* Create Staff Member User Role */
add_role(
    'staff_member', //  System name of the role.
    __( 'Staff Member'  ), // Display name of the role.
    array(
        'read'  => true,
        'delete_posts'  => true,
        'delete_published_posts' => true,
        'edit_posts'   => true,
        'publish_posts' => true,
        'upload_files'  => true,
        'edit_pages'  => true,
        'edit_published_pages'  =>  true,
        'publish_pages'  => true,
        'delete_published_pages' => false, // This user will NOT be able to  delete published pages.
    )
);

Example 2: from user id to user role wordpress

$user_meta = get_userdata( $user_id );

$user_roles = $user_meta->roles; // array with all the roles the user is part of.