postgres autoincrement not updated on explicit id inserts

That's how it's supposed to work - next_val('test_id_seq') is only called when the system needs a value for this column and you have not provided one. If you provide value no such call is performed and consequently the sequence is not "updated".

You could work around this by manually setting the value of the sequence after your last insert with explicitly provided values:

SELECT setval('test_id_seq', (SELECT MAX(id) from "test"));

The name of the sequence is autogenerated and is always tablename_columnname_seq.

In the recent version of Django, this topic is discussed in the documentation:

Django uses PostgreSQL’s SERIAL data type to store auto-incrementing primary keys. A SERIAL column is populated with values from a sequence that keeps track of the next available value. Manually assigning a value to an auto-incrementing field doesn’t update the field’s sequence, which might later cause a conflict.

Ref: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/databases/#manually-specified-autoincrement-pk

There is also management command manage.py sqlsequencereset app_label ... that is able to generate SQL statements for resetting sequences for the given app name(s)

Ref: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-sqlsequencereset

For example these SQL statements were generated by manage.py sqlsequencereset my_app_in_my_project:

BEGIN;
SELECT setval(pg_get_serial_sequence('"my_project_aaa"','id'), coalesce(max("id"), 1), max("id") IS NOT null) FROM "my_project_aaa";
SELECT setval(pg_get_serial_sequence('"my_project_bbb"','id'), coalesce(max("id"), 1), max("id") IS NOT null) FROM "my_project_bbb";
SELECT setval(pg_get_serial_sequence('"my_project_ccc"','id'), coalesce(max("id"), 1), max("id") IS NOT null) FROM "my_project_ccc";
COMMIT;