Preserve SQL Indexes While Altering Column Datatype
You can not change the datatype from smalldatetime to datetime with the indexes, unique constraints, foreign key constraints or check constraints in place. You will have to drop them all prior to changing the type. Then:
alter table T alter column TestDate datetime not null
Then recreate the constraints and indexes that still apply.
Some different approaches for generating the drop and creates:
1) If you have given explicit names to all indexes and constraints then your installer can run a static script in each environment (dev, test, user acceptance testing, performance testing, etc, production.)
To generate this explicit script you can: a) Use SSMS (or with SQL Server 2000, enterprise manager) to script the create and drop statements. b) Work from you source code repository to discover the names and definitions of the dependent objects and put together the appropriate static script. c) Attempt to run the alter statement. See what it fails on. Look up the definitions and hand write the drop and create. (Personally, this would be great for writing the drop, not so good at the create.)
2) If you have not given explicit names to all indexes and constraints, then your installer will have to query the data dictionary for the appropriate names and use dynamic SQL to run the drops, in the correct order, prior to the alter column statement and then the creates, in the correct order, after the alter column.
This will be simpler if you know that there are no constraints, and just indexes.
There may be tools or libraries that already know how to do this.
Also, if this is a packaged application, you may not be assured that the local DBAs have not added indexes.
NOTE: If there is a unique constraint, it will have built an index, which you will not be able to drop with DROP INDEX.
If you are just changing the size, the Index will still remain on the table.
If you are changing the data type, then you will get an error message stating that objects depend on the column that you are trying to change and therefore you will not be able to change it.
You can script out the indexes in question manually or via script. In SSMS, right click the table and script out the object in question.
If you want programatic index scripting, here is a stored proc that I have been using that I got from an ex colleague of mine.
Drop Proc ScriptIndex
GO
Create Proc ScriptIndex
@TableName VarChar (Max),
@IndexScript VarChar (Max) OUTPUT
AS
-- Get all existing indexes, EXCEPT the primary keys
DECLARE cIX CURSOR FOR
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(SI.Object_ID), SI.Object_ID, SI.Name, SI.Index_ID
FROM Sys.Indexes SI
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS TC
ON SI.Name = TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND OBJECT_NAME(SI.Object_ID) = TC.TABLE_NAME
WHERE 1=1
AND OBJECT_NAME(SI.Object_ID) = @TableName
AND TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME IS NULL
AND OBJECTPROPERTY(SI.Object_ID, 'IsUserTable') = 1
ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(SI.Object_ID), SI.Index_ID
DECLARE @IxTable SYSNAME
DECLARE @IxTableID INT
DECLARE @IxName SYSNAME
DECLARE @IxID INT
-- Loop through all indexes
OPEN cIX
FETCH NEXT FROM cIX INTO @IxTable, @IxTableID, @IxName, @IxID
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS = 0)
BEGIN
DECLARE @IXSQL NVARCHAR(4000)
DECLARE @PKSQL NVARCHAR(4000)
SET @PKSQL = ''
SET @IXSQL = 'CREATE '
-- Check if the index is unique
IF (INDEXPROPERTY(@IxTableID, @IxName, 'IsUnique') = 1)
SET @IXSQL = @IXSQL + 'UNIQUE '
-- Check if the index is clustered
IF (INDEXPROPERTY(@IxTableID, @IxName, 'IsClustered') = 1)
SET @IXSQL = @IXSQL + 'CLUSTERED '
SET @IXSQL = @IXSQL + 'INDEX ' + @IxName + ' ON ' + @IxTable + '('
-- Get all columns of the index
DECLARE cIxColumn CURSOR FOR
SELECT SC.Name
FROM Sys.Index_Columns IC
JOIN Sys.Columns SC ON IC.Object_ID = SC.Object_ID AND IC.Column_ID = SC.Column_ID
WHERE IC.Object_ID = @IxTableID AND Index_ID = @IxID
ORDER BY IC.Index_Column_ID
DECLARE @IxColumn SYSNAME
DECLARE @IxFirstColumn BIT SET @IxFirstColumn = 1
-- Loop throug all columns of the index and append them to the CREATE statement
OPEN cIxColumn
FETCH NEXT FROM cIxColumn INTO @IxColumn
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS = 0)
BEGIN
IF (@IxFirstColumn = 1)
SET @IxFirstColumn = 0
ELSE
SET @IXSQL = @IXSQL + ', '
SET @IXSQL = @IXSQL + @IxColumn
FETCH NEXT FROM cIxColumn INTO @IxColumn
END
CLOSE cIxColumn
DEALLOCATE cIxColumn
SET @IXSQL = @IXSQL + ')'
-- Print out the CREATE statement for the index
PRINT @IXSQL
FETCH NEXT FROM cIX INTO @IxTable, @IxTableID, @IxName, @IxID
END
CLOSE cIX
DEALLOCATE cIX
GO
Declare @TableName VarChar (Max), @IndexScript VarChar (Max)
Exec ScriptIndex 'Client', @IndexScript OUTPUT
Print @IndexScript
EDIT: It depends on the original and changed datatype. If you try to alter a column from varchar to nvarchar, it will fail. Whereas, if you alter column from varchar(16) to varchar(32), it will succeed.
--Disable Index
ALTER INDEX MyIndex ON MyTable DISABLE
GO
-- Change column datatype
--Enable Index
ALTER INDEX MyIndex ON MyTable REBUILD
GO
If you change the type of a column, then all indexes that use that column will have to be rebuilt.
But unless you have huge volumes of data (or run 24/7), rebuilding indexes is no big deal. Just schedule a maintenance window.
The best thing to do is to create a procedure that returns the index script of a given table / column. So you can remove the indexes just from the column being altered and not all indexes from the table, whereas creating indices can be somewhat expensive.
- Stores the result of the procedure in a datatable
- Delete the indices of the column
- Modify your column
Rebuild the indexes stored in the datatable
-- objective : Generates indices scripting using specified column -- Parameters : -- @Tabela -> Name of the table that the column belongs to -- @Coluna -> Name of the column that will be searched for the indices to generate the script --Use: proc_ScriptIndexColumn 'TableName', 'ColumnName' SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO Create Proc proc_ScriptIndexColumn (@Tabela VARCHAR(4000), @Coluna VARCHAR(4000)) AS BEGIN DECLARE @isql_key VARCHAR(4000), @isql_incl VARCHAR(4000), @tableid INT, @indexid INT DECLARE @tablename VARCHAR(4000), @indexname VARCHAR(4000) DECLARE @isunique INT, @isclustered INT, @indexfillfactor INT DECLARE @srsql VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @ScriptsRetorno TABLE (Script VARCHAR(MAX)) DECLARE index_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT tablename = OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]), tableid = i.[object_id], indexid = i.index_id, indexname = i.name, isunique = i.is_unique, CASE I.type_desc WHEN 'CLUSTERED' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS isclustered, indexfillfactor = i.fill_factor FROM sys.indexes AS i INNER JOIN SYSOBJECTS AS O ON I.[object_id] = O.ID INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0 AND (ic.key_ordinal > 0 OR ic.partition_ordinal = 0 OR ic.is_included_column != 0 )) AND ( ic.index_id = CAST(i.index_id AS INT) AND ic.object_id = i.[object_id] ) INNER JOIN sys.columns AS sc ON sc.object_id = ic.object_id AND sc.column_id = ic.column_id WHERE O.XTYPE = 'U' AND i.typE = 2 /*Non clustered*/ AND i.is_unique = 0 AND i.is_hypothetical = 0 AND UPPER(OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id])) = UPPER(@Tabela) AND UPPER(sc.name) = UPPER(@Coluna) OPEN index_cursor FETCH NEXT FROM index_cursor INTO @tablename,@tableid, @indexid,@indexname , @isunique ,@isclustered , @indexfillfactor WHILE @@fetch_status <> -1 BEGIN SELECT @isql_key = '', @isql_incl = '' SELECT @isql_key = CASE ic.is_included_column WHEN 0 THEN CASE ic.is_descending_key WHEN 1 THEN @isql_key +COALESCE(sc.name, '') + ' DESC, ' ELSE @isql_key + COALESCE(sc.name, '') + ' ASC, ' END ELSE @isql_key END, --include column @isql_incl = CASE ic.is_included_column WHEN 1 THEN CASE ic.is_descending_key WHEN 1 THEN @isql_incl + COALESCE(sc.name, '') + ', ' ELSE @isql_incl + COALESCE(sc.name, '') + ', ' END ELSE @isql_incl END FROM sysindexes i INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON ( ic.column_id > 0 AND ( ic.key_ordinal > 0 OR ic.partition_ordinal = 0 OR ic.is_included_column != 0 ) ) AND (ic.index_id = CAST(i.indid AS INT) AND ic.object_id = i.id) INNER JOIN sys.columns AS sc ON sc.object_id = ic.object_id AND sc.column_id = ic.column_id WHERE i.indid > 0 AND i.indid < 255 AND (i.status & 64) = 0 AND i.id = @tableid AND i.indid = @indexid ORDER BY i.name, CASE ic.is_included_column WHEN 1 THEN ic.index_column_id ELSE ic.key_ordinal END IF LEN(@isql_key) > 1 SET @isql_key = LEFT(@isql_key, LEN(@isql_key) -1) IF LEN(@isql_incl) > 1 SET @isql_incl = LEFT(@isql_incl, LEN(@isql_incl) -1) SET @srsql = 'CREATE ' + 'INDEX [' + @indexname + ']' + ' ON [' + @tablename + '] ' SET @srsql = @srsql + '(' + @isql_key + ')' IF (@isql_incl <> '') SET @srsql = @srsql + ' INCLUDE(' + @isql_incl + ')' IF (@indexfillfactor <> 0) SET @srsql = @srsql + ' WITH ( FILLFACTOR = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), @indexfillfactor) + ')' FETCH NEXT FROM index_cursor INTO @tablename,@tableid,@indexid,@indexname, @isunique ,@isclustered , @indexfillfactor INSERT INTO @ScriptsRetorno VALUES (@srsql) END CLOSE index_cursor DEALLOCATE index_cursor SELECT * FROM @ScriptsRetorno RETURN @@ERROR END