Prob. 4, Sec. 28 in Munkres' TOPOLOGY, 2nd ed: For $T_1$-spaces countable compactness is equivalent to limit-point-compactness.
$\Rightarrow $ Suppose $A\subseteq X$ has no limit points. Wlog $A$ is countable so that $A=\left \{ a_{1}, a_{2},\cdots \right \}$.
Take $U_{n}=X-\left \{ a_{n},a_{n+1},\cdots \right \}$. Each $U_{n}$ is open in $X$ since, since $\left \{ a_{n},a_{n+1},\cdots , \right \}$ is a subset of $A$, and is therefore closed in $X$ because $A$ has no limit points. It is easy to see that $X=\bigcup _{n\geq 1}U_{n}$ so that $\left \{ U_{n} \right \}_{n\geq 1}$ is a countable open cover of $X$ which has no subcover.
$\Leftarrow $ Suppose that $X$ is not countably compact and let $\left \{ U_{n} \right \}_{n\geq 1}$ be a countable open cover of $X$ which has no subcover. Then we may choose, for each $n\in \mathbb N$ an $x_{n}\in X-\bigcup^{n} _{j=1}U_{j}$ such that $x_{i}\neq x_{k}$ if $i\neq k$. Set $A=\left \{ x_{n} \right \}_{n\in \mathbb N}$. Now choose $x\in X$. Then $x\in U_{L}$ for some $L\in \mathbb N$ since the $U_{n}$ form a cover of $X$. But by construction, $x_{i}\notin U_{L}$ as soon as $i\geq L$. Therefore, $U_{L}$ s a neighborhood of $x$ that intersects $A$ in only finitely many points and so $x$ is not a limit point of $A$. As $x$ was arbitrary, $A$ has no limit points in $X$.
Note: we used the fact that if $x$ is a limit point of a subset $A$ of a $T_{1}$ space $X$ then $A\cap (N_{x}-\left \{ x \right \})$ is infinite, for every neighborhood $N_{x}$ of $x$. For, if not, then there is an $N_{x}$ neighborhood of $x$ such that $A\cap (N_{x}-\left \{ x \right \})$ is finite and hence closed in $X$. But then, $U=N_{x}-(A\cap (N_{x}-\left \{ x \right \}))$ is open in $X$, contains $x$ and its intersection with $A$ is at most $\left \{ x \right \}$, which contradicts the fact that $x$ is a limit point of $A$.
For the sake of contradiction, suppose that $X$ is limit-point compact but not countably compact. Then, there exists a countable open cover $(U_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}$ that admits no finite subcover. Choose $x_1\notin V_1\equiv U_1$. There exists some $n_1\in\mathbb N$ such that $x_1\in U_{n_1}$. Now choose $$x_2\notin V_2\equiv U_1\cup\ldots\cup U_{n_1}.$$ Choose $n_2\in\mathbb N$ such that $x_2\in U_{n_2}$. Then pick $$x_3\notin V_3\equiv U_1\cup\ldots\cup U_{n_1}\cup\ldots\cup U_{n_2}.$$ Pick $n_3\in\mathbb N$ such that $x_3\in U_{n_3}$. And so forth (note that $n_1<n_2<n_3<\ldots$). This way, one can construct an infinite set $D\equiv(x_1,x_2,\ldots)$ and an increasing sequence of open sets $(V_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}$ such that \begin{align*} x_m\notin V_n\quad\text{for any $m,n\in\mathbb N$ such that $m\geq n$}.\tag{$\clubsuit$} \end{align*} Note that $(V_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}$ is an open cover of $X$ as well. Also, the set $D$ infinite, since the points $x_1,x_2,\ldots$ are all distinct.
Now, if $X$ is limit-point compact, then the infinite set $D$ has a limit point $x\in X$. Let $m_0\in\mathbb N$ be such that $x\in V_{m_0}$ (remember that $(V_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}$ is an open cover). By the limit point property, there exists some $m_1\in\mathbb N$ such that $x_{m_1}\neq x$ and $x_{m_1}\in V_{m_0}$. One then must have $m_1<m_0$; see ($\clubsuit$). Since $X$ is $T_1$, the set $\{x_{m_1}\}^c$ is open and $$x\in V_{m_0}\cap\{x_{m_1}\}^c,$$ so there must exist some $m_2\in\mathbb N$ such that $x_{m_2}\in V_{m_0}\cap\{x_{m_1}\}^c$ (in particular, $x_{m_2}\neq x_{m_1}$, so $m_2\neq m_1$) and $x_{m_2}\neq x$. It follows again by ($\clubsuit$) that $m_2<m_0$. But then $$x\in V_{m_0}\cap \{x_{m_1}\}^c\cap\{x_{m_2}\}^c,$$ and so forth. Because of the limit-point property, one should be able to continue this pattern indefinitely. The problem is that one eventually runs out of distinct indices less than $m_0$, since the index set $\{1,\ldots,m_0-1\}$ is finite. Contradiction.
Your proof of the other direction seems correct to me.