Programs that reproduces itself

Yes, it is possible. A trivial implementation would be: have the source code contain itself in a string, save the string to a file and fill its own string with the same string (otherwise, the initial string would be of infinite size, due to the recursive manner of this implementation), compile the file, and run the compiled file (which will, in turn, do the very same).

Non-trivial implementations are significantly harder.

Update:

Okay, might as well make it autorun. Enjoy the madness. Run at your own risk.

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Yes it's possible, because I actually wrote it up. It doesn't do the RUN part (that's just too crazy, because as others have mentioned, it will cause an infinite loop), but here it is: Quine.java

import java.io.*;
public class Quine {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
      char q = 34;
      String out = "Quine$";
      String text = (
         "import java.io.*; " +
         "public class [OUT] { " +
           "public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { " +
             "char q = 34; String out = `[OUT]$`; String text = `[TEXT]`; " +
             "PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(out + `.java`); " +
             "pw.format(text, 34, out, text); " +
             "pw.close(); Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime(); " +
             "runtime.exec(`javac ` + out + `.java`).waitFor(); " +
             "runtime.exec(`java ` + out); " +
           "} " +
         "}"
      ).replace("`", "%1$c").replace("[OUT]", "%2$s").replace("[TEXT]", "%3$s");
      PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(out + ".java");
      pw.format(text, 34, out, text);
      pw.close();
      Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
      runtime.exec("javac " + out + ".java").waitFor();
      runtime.exec("java " + out);
   }
}

So here's how to get the craziness to start:

• javac Quine.java to compile
• java Quine to run it
  • It will produce, compile and run Quine$
• I've made sure Quine.java is as readable as possible, so the major difference from Quine$.java are formatting and the 3x replace. The minor difference is that Quine$.java has out set to Quine$$.
• Quine$ will produce, compile and run Quine$$
• Quine$$ will produce, compile and run Quine$$$
• Quine$$$ will produce, compile and run Quine$$$$
• ...

Do note that this doesn't do any reverse-engineering or cheat by reading the .java source code, etc. Quine is a quine-generator because it produces a different code differently formatted, but Quine$ is pretty much a true self-contained quine: it does reproduce itself, it just relabels it Quine$$ (which reproduces itself and relabels to Quine$$$ etc).

So technically there's no infinite loop: it will eventually come to a halt when the file system can't handle another $. I was able to manually stop the madness by forcefully deleting all Quine$* files, but run at your own risk!!!