Property of $10\times 10 $ matrix
Answer based on the comments by Ludolila and Erick Wong as an answer:
The answer follows from three easily proven rules:
- Adding or subtracting a row of a matrix from another does not change its determinant.
- Multiplying a line of the matrix by a constant $c$ multiplies the determinant by that constant.
- The determinant of a matrix with integer entries is an integer.
Take a matrix $A=(a_{ij})\in M_{10}(\mathbb{R})$ such that all its entries are either $1$ or $-1$. If $a_{11}=-1$, multiply the first line by $-1$. For $2\le i\le10$, subtract $a_{i1}(a_{1\to})$ (where $a_{1\to}$ is the first row of $A$) from $a_{i\to}$.
Now all rows consist only of $0$'s and $\pm2$'s. Divide each of these rows by $2$ to obtain a matrix $B$ that has entries only in $\{-1,0,1\}$.
Note that $\det B = \pm 2^{-9} \det A$ following rules 1 and 2.
Following rule 3, $\det B$ is an integer, so $\det A = 2^9 \cdot n$ where $n$ is an integer.