how to take a substring in pytho code example

Example 1: python substring

>>> x = "Hello World!"
>>> x[2:]
'llo World!'
>>> x[:2]
'He'
>>> x[:-2]
'Hello Worl'
>>> x[-2:]
'd!'
>>> x[2:-2]
'llo Worl'

Example 2: python extract substring

# string [start:end:step]
string = "freeCodeCamp"
print(string[0:len(string)-1])		# freeCodeCam
print(string[0:5])		            # freeC
print(string[2:6])		            # eeCo
print(string[-1])		            # p
print(string[-5:])		            # eCamp
print(string[1:-4])                 # reeCode
print(string[-5:-2])	            # eCa
print(string[::2])		            # feCdCm