Python pandas convert datetime to timestamp effectively through dt accessor

There's also another method to do this using the "hidden" attribute of DatetimeIndex called asi8, which creates an integer timestamp.

pd.DatetimeIndex(df.datetime).asi8

Wes McKinney suggested it in this tangentially related stackoverflow question linked here

I think you should not use apply, simply astype would be fine:

df['ts'] = df.datetime.astype('int64') // 10**9

I think you need convert first to numpy array by values and cast to int64 - output is in ns, so need divide by 10 ** 9:

df['ts'] = df.datetime.values.astype(np.int64) // 10 ** 9
print (df)
              datetime          ts
0  2016-01-01 00:00:01  1451606401
1  2016-01-01 01:00:01  1451610001
2  2016-01-01 02:00:01  1451613601
3  2016-01-01 03:00:01  1451617201
4  2016-01-01 04:00:01  1451620801
5  2016-01-01 05:00:01  1451624401
6  2016-01-01 06:00:01  1451628001
7  2016-01-01 07:00:01  1451631601
8  2016-01-01 08:00:01  1451635201
9  2016-01-01 09:00:01  1451638801
10 2016-01-01 10:00:01  1451642401
11 2016-01-01 11:00:01  1451646001
12 2016-01-01 12:00:01  1451649601
13 2016-01-01 13:00:01  1451653201
14 2016-01-01 14:00:01  1451656801
15 2016-01-01 15:00:01  1451660401
16 2016-01-01 16:00:01  1451664001
17 2016-01-01 17:00:01  1451667601
18 2016-01-01 18:00:01  1451671201
19 2016-01-01 19:00:01  1451674801
20 2016-01-01 20:00:01  1451678401
21 2016-01-01 21:00:01  1451682001
22 2016-01-01 22:00:01  1451685601
23 2016-01-01 23:00:01  1451689201
24 2016-01-02 00:00:01  1451692801

to_timestamp is used for converting from period to datetime index.