what is orient in pandas code example

Example 1: pandas dataframe from dict

>>> data = {'col_1': [3, 2, 1, 0], 'col_2': ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']}
>>> pd.DataFrame.from_dict(data)
   col_1 col_2
0      3     a
1      2     b
2      1     c
3      0     d

Example 2: pandas dataframe from dict

>>> pd.DataFrame.from_dict(data, orient='index',
...                        columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
       A  B  C  D
row_1  3  2  1  0
row_2  a  b  c  d