Python: Write unittest for console print
You can easily capture standard output by just temporarily redirecting sys.stdout
to a StringIO
object, as follows:
import StringIO
import sys
def foo(inStr):
print "hi"+inStr
def test_foo():
capturedOutput = StringIO.StringIO() # Create StringIO object
sys.stdout = capturedOutput # and redirect stdout.
foo('test') # Call unchanged function.
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__ # Reset redirect.
print 'Captured', capturedOutput.getvalue() # Now works as before.
test_foo()
The output of this program is:
Captured hitest
showing that the redirection successfully captured the output and that you were able to restore the output stream to what it was before you began the capture.
Note that the code above in for Python 2.7, as the question indicates. Python 3 is slightly different:
import io
import sys
def foo(inStr):
print ("hi"+inStr)
def test_foo():
capturedOutput = io.StringIO() # Create StringIO object
sys.stdout = capturedOutput # and redirect stdout.
foo('test') # Call function.
sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__ # Reset redirect.
print ('Captured', capturedOutput.getvalue()) # Now works as before.
test_foo()
This Python 3 answer uses unittest.mock
. It also uses a reusable helper method assert_stdout
, although this helper is specific to the function being tested.
import io
import unittest
import unittest.mock
from .solution import fizzbuzz
class TestFizzBuzz(unittest.TestCase):
@unittest.mock.patch('sys.stdout', new_callable=io.StringIO)
def assert_stdout(self, n, expected_output, mock_stdout):
fizzbuzz(n)
self.assertEqual(mock_stdout.getvalue(), expected_output)
def test_only_numbers(self):
self.assert_stdout(2, '1\n2\n')
Note that the mock_stdout
arg is passed automatically by the unittest.mock.patch
decorator to the assert_stdout
method.
A general-purpose TestStdout
class, possibly a mixin, can in principle be derived from the above.
For those using Python ≥3.4, contextlib.redirect_stdout
also exists, but it seems to serve no benefit over unittest.mock.patch
.
If you happen to use pytest
, it has builtin output capturing. Example (pytest
-style tests):
def eggs():
print('eggs')
def test_spam(capsys):
eggs()
captured = capsys.readouterr()
assert captured.out == 'eggs\n'
You can also use it with unittest
test classes, although you need to passthrough the fixture object into the test class, for example via an autouse fixture:
import unittest
import pytest
class TestSpam(unittest.TestCase):
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def _pass_fixtures(self, capsys):
self.capsys = capsys
def test_eggs(self):
eggs()
captured = self.capsys.readouterr()
self.assertEqual('eggs\n', captured.out)
Check out Accessing captured output from a test function for more info.