Raw Socket Linux send/receive a packet

1. You're receiving and storing packets in buffer, but you're printing data from ip and tcp without parsing that buffer. You should parse the packet from buffer after receiving it, and before printing.
2. Your code assumes all packets are TCP, which is not the case. RAW sockets only support Layer 3 protocols (IP, ICMP, etc). In other words, using IPPROTO_TCP is misleading when creating a RAW socket. Stick to IPPROTO_IP, and add the necessary conditions to your code for each protocol you care about (TCP, UDP, etc). This happens to be working because the Linux Kernel validates the protocol number, and fallbacks to IPPROTO_IP. However, this might not work in other systems.
3. Review if your network communication is using the correct byte-order. The network-byte-order is Big-Endian, while the host-byte-order depends on your architecture, so you may need to convert multi-byte fields back and forth.
4. Your tcp->seq might have an invalid value, because TCP only accepts values up to 65535, while random() returns values from 0 to RAND_MAX (0x7fffffff). Try tcp->seq = htonl(random() % 65535);
5. Your offset calculation for the TCP header is incorrect. It should be sizeof(struct iphdr) rather than sizeof(struct tcphdr).