React - Can A Child Component Send Value Back To Parent Form

React's one-way data-binding model means that child components cannot send back values to parent components unless explicitly allowed to do so. The React way of doing this is to pass down a callback to the child component (see Facebook's "Forms" guide).

class Parent extends Component {
  constructor() {
    this.state = {
      value: ''
    };
  }
  
  //...
  
  handleChangeValue = event => this.setState({value: event.target.value});
  
  //...
  
  render() {
    return (
      <Child
        value={this.state.value}
        onChangeValue={this.handleChangeValue}
      />
    );
  }
}

class Child extends Component {
  //...
  
  render() {
    return (
      <input
        type="text"
        value={this.props.value}
        onChange={this.props.onChangeValue}
      />
    );
  }
}

Take note that the parent component handles the state, while the child component only handles displaying. Facebook's "Lifting State Up" guide is a good resource for learning how to do this.

This way, all data lives within the parent component (in state), and child components are only given a way to update that data (callbacks passed down as props). Now your problem is resolved: your parent component has access to all the data it needs (since the data is stored in state), but your child components are in charge of binding the data to their own individual elements, such as <input> tags.

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Addendum

In response to this comment:

What if we render a list of the child component? Using this single source of truth in Lifting state up technique will let the parent controls all the state of all the child inputs right? So how can we access each of the value input in the child component to (which is rendered as list) from the parent component?

For this case, you may map a child component for each element in the list. For example:

class Parent extends Component {
  //...
  handleChangeListValue = index => event => {
    this.setState({
      list: this.state.list
        .map((element, i) => i === index ? event.target.value : element)
    });
  }
  //...
  render() {
    return this.state.list.map((element, i) => (
      <Child
        value={element}
        onChangeValue={this.handleChangeListValue(i)}
      />
    ));

P.S. Disclaimer: above code examples are only for illustrative purposes of the concept in question (Lifting State Up), and reflect the state of React code at the time of answering. Other questions about the code such as immutable vs mutable array updates, static vs dynamically generated functions, stateful vs pure components, and class-based vs hooks-based stateful components are better off asked as a separate question altogether.

Parent.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import Child from './child'
class Parent extends Component {
  state = {
    value: ''
  }
  onChangeValueHandler = (val) => {
    this.setState({ value: val.target.value })
  }
  render() {
    const { value } = this.state;
    return (
      <div>
        <p> the value is : {value} </p>
        <Child value={value} onChangeValue={this.onChangeValueHandler} />
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default Parent;

Child.js

  import React, { Component } from 'react';
  class Child extends Component {
  render() {
  const { value , onChangeValue } = this.props;
  return (
    <div>
      <input type="text"  value={value} onChange={onChangeValue}/> 
    </div>
  );
}
}
  export default Child;

you can see a live example on : https://codesandbox.io/s/two-way-binding-qq1o1?from-embed