References for Topology with applications in Engineering, Computer Science, Robotics
As usrtt1 suggests, Introduction to Topology: Pure and Applied by Adams and Franzosa is a great book introducing topology and many of its applications, although it stops short of material based on homology. An alternative might be Basener's Topology and Its Applications, based on its table of contents, but I do not have the latter book.
There are many abstract algebra texts out there. One place to pick up some basic group theory would be Fraleigh's A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Edition, as this edition contains a light introduction to homology.
Some good suggestions for further reading can be found on Jeff Erickson's list of references for his Computational Topology course. In addition, once you have a fairly strong background in topology and manifolds, Farber's small book: Invitation to Topological Robotics could be of interest.
Update: Michael Robinson's Topological Signal Processing, published in 2014, is an introduction to the use of topological tools and sheaves in signal processing. See also Robinson's website.
Edit re the four books mentioned in the question:
Topology for Computing and Computational Topology are well worth reading, but might move a little fast for the beginner. However, once you've picked up some basic topology and group theory, they should be much more accessible.
Robert Ghrist's Elementary Applied Topology is intentionally "a quick tour...to motivate...applied topology," according to the author. Ghrist moves swiftly through a dizzying array of topological concepts and applications. It's wonderful inspiration to dive deeper into this material.
As for Topology and Robotics, I do not have this particular book, but it looks like a collection of papers, probably best approached when you have a fairly strong background. You may wish to check the authors' homepages for preprints.
There's a really good book on topology in engineering mentioned by the others too:
Introduction to Topology - Pure and Applied, by Colin Adams and Robert Franzosa
The nice thing about this textbook is that it gives a detailed application to the concepts after every chapter:
- Introduction
- Topological Basis -> Mutation of DNA
- Closure, Interior and Boundary -> Data in GIS
- Creation of Spaces -> Configuration and Phase Space
- Continuity -> Robotics
- Metric Spaces
- Connectedness -> Automated Guided Vehicles
- Compactness
- Dynamical Systems -> Chaos in Population Model
- Homotopy -> Heartbeat Model
- Fixed Point Theorem -> Economics
- Embeddings -> Digital Image Processing
- Knots -> Chirality in Biochemistry
- Graphs -> Boiling Point of Molecules, Electronic Circuits
- Manifolds -> Geometry of the Universe
For a more detailed table of contents, see http://math.umaine.edu/~franzosa/TOC.htm.
I have not read this: http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Topology-Applied-Colin-Adams/dp/0131848690/ but I heard good things about it!