Reinvent the For loop

C, 45 chars without goto, if, for, ...

Not the smallest solution, but I find this way of doing it quite interesting in C :)

Doesn't use goto, if, for, or any other kind of control structures.

The function by itself (45 chars):

m(){int (*a[])()={m,exit};i++;(*a[i>999])();}

A compilable, working program:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int i=0;
m(){int (*a[])()={m,exit};i++;printf("%i ",i);(*a[i>999])();}

int main()
{
  m();
}

Haskell, 33 chars

This is more like inventing the for loop, because there is no such nonsense in Haskell :P.

mapM_(putStr.(' ':).show)[0..999]

GCC - 106 95 chars

#define FOR(i,l,h)auto F();L(F,l,h);int F(i)
L(int f(int),int l,int h){l<=h?f(l),L(f,l+1,h):0;}

Unlike the other C solutions where you have to declare a callback, this one does it for you automagically:

FOR(i, 1, 10) {
    printf("%d\n", i);
}

It works by using GCC's nested function extension. Namely, it forward-declares the nested function F, passes it to the looping function L, and then starts the definition of F, leaving the braces for the user to add.

One beautiful thing about nested functions in GCC is that they support downward funargs, meaning the illusion is nearly complete:

long n = 1;
FOR(i, 1, 10) {
    n *= i;
}
printf("%ld\n", n); // 3628800

There is one major caveat: if you use FOR twice in the same scope, you'll get a conflict (namely, it will compile, but all the FOR loops will share one loop body). To allow multiple FOR loops in the same scope, we'll need 69 65 more characters:

175 160 chars:

#define FOR(i,l,h)F(i,l,h,__COUNTER__)
#define F(i,l,h,f)auto N(f)();L(N(f),l,h);int N(f)(i)
#define N(n)F##n
L(int f(int),int l,int h){l<=h?f(l),L(f,l+1,h):0;}