Relation between JPA and Hibernate annotation

The answer is mixed.

As others have pointed out, JPA is an specification an Hibernate provides an implementation. You use JPA annotations/API and, by including Hibernate jars in your classpath, Hibernate will provide the actual logic.

Additionally, Hibernate offers an API that is unrelated to JPA. You can use that as well; the main difference is:

• if you use the JPA API, you may later replace Hibernate by other JPA implementation (v.g. EclipseLink) and you will need no changes to your program

• if you use directly Hibernate API, you have no implementation alternatives. The advantage may be that you can use features that Hibernate has defined but that are not part of JPA standard, which might be usefult to you.

At any rate, what you should completely avoid is mixing JPA with the Hibernate API. As a beginner, I would advice you to stick to JPA.

To ensure that you are using JPA, only include classes/annotations from java.persistence. Do not include anything from org.hibernate (or, if you want just to use Hibernate, do just the opposite).

Hibernate is an implementation of the JPA specification. JPA is just a specification, and a set of annotations and interfaces. You need an implementation of JPA to use it, and Hibernate is one of them. Just like to use JDBC, you need a database driver.

The package of the annotation is javax.persistence, so they're JPA annotations. Hibernate annotations are in the package org.hibernate.xxx.