Rendering of zero width table cells in Outlook
try putting padding-left and/or padding-right to the tds containing the images, as inline css.
Latest edit: try this --
<tr>
<td style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;padding:0; border:0" align="right" width="200"><img src="http://lorempixel.com/200/200/" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0; border:0" border="0"></td>
<td style="width: 0px;line-height: 0px; font-size: 0px; border-collapse: collapse;padding:0;margin:0;border:0" width="0"></td>
<td style="width: 0px;line-height: 0px; font-size: 0px; border-collapse: collapse;padding:0;margin:0;border:0" width="0"></td>
<td style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;padding:0; border:0" align="left" ><img src="http://lorempixel.com/200/200/" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0; border:0" border="0"></td></tr>
i removed the width from tds containing images, hence it takes the default width of the images.
Outlook doesn't like hiding content ;-) But what should work - add some conditional code:
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;table-layout:fixed">
<tr>
<td style="width:217px" valign="top">
column 1
</td>
<!--[if !mso]><!--><td style="line-height:0;max-height:0;width:0;overflow:hidden;font-size:0;display:none" valign="top">
hidden column 2
</td>
<!--<![endif]--><td valign="top">
column 3
</td>
</tr>
</table>
To hide it from outlook, the comments around the column with [!mso / endif] are enough. However you may want to hide in also in outlook.com, gmail.com and some others - for this the other styles are included. Don't forget to restore the settings in mobile view with media queries.
Good luck Oleg