Retrieve the command line arguments of the Python interpreter

I'm going to add another answer to this. @bav had the right answer for Python 2.7, but it breaks in Python 3 as @szmoore points out (not just 3.7). The code below, however, will work in both Python 2 and Python 3 (the key to that is c_wchar_p in Python 3 instead of c_char_p in Python 2) and will properly convert the argv into a Python list so that it's safe to use in other Python code without segfaulting:

def get_python_interpreter_arguments():
    argc = ctypes.c_int()
    argv = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_wchar_p if sys.version_info >= (3, ) else ctypes.c_char_p)()
    ctypes.pythonapi.Py_GetArgcArgv(ctypes.byref(argc), ctypes.byref(argv))

    # Ctypes are weird. They can't be used in list comprehensions, you can't use `in` with them, and you can't
    # use a for-each loop on them. We have to do an old-school for-i loop.
    arguments = list()
    for i in range(argc.value - len(sys.argv) + 1):
        arguments.append(argv[i])

    return arguments

You'll notice that it also returns only the interpreter arguments and excludes the augments found in sys.argv. You can eliminate this behavior by removing - len(sys.argv) + 1.

You can use ctypes

~$ python2 -B -R -u
Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 11 2014, 04:42:00) 
[GCC 4.9.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Persistent session history and tab completion are enabled.
>>> import ctypes
>>> argv = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char_p)()
>>> argc = ctypes.c_int()
>>> ctypes.pythonapi.Py_GetArgcArgv(ctypes.byref(argc), ctypes.byref(argv))
1227013240
>>> argc.value
4
>>> argv[0]
'python2'
>>> argv[1]
'-B'
>>> argv[2]
'-R'
>>> argv[3]
'-u'