return, return None, and no return at all?
Yes, they are all the same.
We can review the interpreted machine code to confirm that that they're all doing the exact same thing.
import dis
def f1():
print "Hello World"
return None
def f2():
print "Hello World"
return
def f3():
print "Hello World"
dis.dis(f1)
4 0 LOAD_CONST 1 ('Hello World')
3 PRINT_ITEM
4 PRINT_NEWLINE
5 5 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)
8 RETURN_VALUE
dis.dis(f2)
9 0 LOAD_CONST 1 ('Hello World')
3 PRINT_ITEM
4 PRINT_NEWLINE
10 5 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)
8 RETURN_VALUE
dis.dis(f3)
14 0 LOAD_CONST 1 ('Hello World')
3 PRINT_ITEM
4 PRINT_NEWLINE
5 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)
8 RETURN_VALUE
On the actual behavior, there is no difference. They all return None
and that's it. However, there is a time and place for all of these.
The following instructions are basically how the different methods should be used (or at least how I was taught they should be used), but they are not absolute rules so you can mix them up if you feel necessary to.
Using return None
This tells that the function is indeed meant to return a value for later use, and in this case it returns None
. This value None
can then be used elsewhere. return None
is never used if there are no other possible return values from the function.
In the following example, we return person
's mother
if the person
given is a human. If it's not a human, we return None
since the person
doesn't have a mother
(let's suppose it's not an animal or something).
def get_mother(person):
if is_human(person):
return person.mother
else:
return None
Using return
This is used for the same reason as break
in loops. The return value doesn't matter and you only want to exit the whole function. It's extremely useful in some places, even though you don't need it that often.
We've got 15 prisoners
and we know one of them has a knife. We loop through each prisoner
one by one to check if they have a knife. If we hit the person with a knife, we can just exit the function because we know there's only one knife and no reason the check rest of the prisoners
. If we don't find the prisoner
with a knife, we raise an alert. This could be done in many different ways and using return
is probably not even the best way, but it's just an example to show how to use return
for exiting a function.
def find_prisoner_with_knife(prisoners):
for prisoner in prisoners:
if "knife" in prisoner.items:
prisoner.move_to_inquisition()
return # no need to check rest of the prisoners nor raise an alert
raise_alert()
Note: You should never do var = find_prisoner_with_knife()
, since the return value is not meant to be caught.
Using no return
at all
This will also return None
, but that value is not meant to be used or caught. It simply means that the function ended successfully. It's basically the same as return
in void
functions in languages such as C++ or Java.
In the following example, we set person's mother's name and then the function exits after completing successfully.
def set_mother(person, mother):
if is_human(person):
person.mother = mother
Note: You should never do var = set_mother(my_person, my_mother)
, since the return value is not meant to be caught.