Run a browser in fullscreen without any other UI elements (like translate, restore session, e.t.c.)

You should be able to add the two flags --disable-translate and --incognito

chromium-browser --disable-translate --kiosk --incognito http://192.168.1.23/monitor.html

Incognito mode is a funny way to make Chromium not worry about the last session when it restores from a crash.

References: Disable Google Chrome session restore functionality

Chrome command line switches from a conversation on Stack Overflow

(putting this as answer because i cant comment)

As of chromium version 60.0.3112.89, --disable-translate doesn't work anymore.

The workaround, if you have access, is to remove the lang from html tag or set it to "en".

UPDATE:

As of version 69, the previous workaround doesn't work anymore, the solution is to add this tag to the html head: <meta name="google" content="notranslate">