Run Docker on Windows without virtualization

like it is on Linux.

On Linux, it is "Docker on Linux". If you want to run that docker on Windows, you need a VM: VirtualBox or, with docker 1.12, Hyper-V: see getting started.
But even that "Docker for Windows" is there to create a Linux VM, where Docker on Linux can operate.

And there is a Docker for AWS beta just announced yesterday. Again, that would use a Linux instance. An instance is a virtual server in the AWS cloud.
That would still be for enabling Docker on Linux.

Docker on Windows will be available only on Windows Server 2016 TP5+: see its documentation.
That is the only one which would run actual Windows image as containers.