Same XP when evolving vs catching a pokemon?

If not in your Pokédex, you get extra 500 xp, the same as catching it, but catching also provides candies (3) and 100 stardust, while evolving only gives 1 candy.

Evolving will give the following:

• 500 xp
• 1 candy
• the evolved pokemon

Catching will give the following:

• 100 xp
• 100 stardust
• 3 candies
• bonus exp based upon the throw
• the caught pokemon

Both instances will give an additional 500 xp if the resulting pokemon is not yet in your pokedex.

So they don't give the same thing. Exp: yes. Candies: no. Stardust: no.