bash lowercase and trim code example

Example 1: bash convert string to uppercase

var=hello #For Bash Version higher than 4.3.33 try these
echo ${var''} #Uppercase whole string
HELLO
echo ${var'} #Uppercase only first char of string
Hello
var2=BYE
echo ${var2,} #Lowercase whole string
bye
echo ${var2,,} #Lowercase only first char of string
bYE
echo $var | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' #For lower versions of Bash just use tr command
HELLO

Example 2: bash variable lowercase

# In Bash 4.0
a=DHCP
echo "${a,,}"
# Output:
dhcp