Singularizing forcing of "small" cardinality?

It is consistent that the answer is no:

Let $V=L[U],$ where $U$ is a normal measure on a measurable cardinal $\kappa.$ First note that we can apply Prikry forcing over $V$ to change the cofinality of $\kappa$ to $\omega.$

Now we show that there is no forcing of size $\kappa$ changing the cofinality of $\kappa.$ Suppose not. Let $P$ be such a forcing notion and let $G$ be $P-$generic over $V$. By Dodd-Jensen covering theorem for $L[U],$ there exists an $\omega-$sequence $C\in V[G]$ cofinal in $\kappa$ which is a Prikry sequence for the classical Prikry forcing $P_U$ in $V$ and $V[G]$ is covered by $V[C]$. Then $V[C]\subset V[G],$ and we have $P_U$ is a projection of $P$, so $P$ has size $>\kappa.$

Remark. In fact the above proof shows that if there is such a forcing notion, then $0^\dagger$ exists.

The answer to your question is no. We have the following theorem.

Theorem. Suppose $\kappa$ is a regular uncountable cardinal and $|P|=\kappa.$ Then $\Vdash_P cf(\kappa)=|\kappa|.$

Proof. Let $\tau$ be a name of an unbounded subset of $\kappa.$ We show there is $f\in V, f:\kappa\to\kappa$ such that $\Vdash_P f''[\tau]=\kappa.$ The result will follow immediately.

Let $(p_i: i<\kappa)$ enumerate $P$. Define by induction, for each pair $(i, j)\in \kappa\times \kappa$ an ordinal $\alpha_{ij}<\kappa$ and a condition $q_{ij}$ such that:

(1) $(i', j') < (i,j) \implies \alpha_{i'j'} < \alpha_{ij},$ (where $<$ denote any well ordering of $\kappa\times\kappa$ of order type $\kappa,$ say like Godel ordering)

(2) $q_{ij}\leq p_i$ and $q_{ij}\Vdash \alpha_{ij}\in \tau.$

Then $f$ defined by $f(\alpha_{ij})=j$ is as required as can be proved easily.

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Note on 23/07/2015: I realized that the result with the same proof has appeared in Hiroshi Sakai's paper ``Semiproper ideals'' as Fact 2.2.

What about the following. Let $V$ be a model of GCH and let $\kappa$ be Laver-prepared. Force with $P\oplus Q$ where $P$ is the Prikry forcing making $\mathrm{cf}(\kappa)=\omega$ and $Q=\mathrm{Coll}(\kappa,\kappa^+)$. Notice that $P\oplus Q$ has the Prikry property: if $\varphi$ is a sentence in the forcing language $((s,A),q)\in P\oplus Q$, then let $\psi$ be: there is $q'\leq q$ such that $q'$ forces $\varphi$ and apply the Prikry property to $\psi$. This implies that $P\oplus Q$ does not add new elements to $V_\kappa$. Clearly, $P\oplus Q$ changes the cofinality of $\kappa$ to $\omega$ ($P$ already does). As $P\oplus Q=Q\oplus P$, $V^Q$ is as required. (shame on me to write this as an answer, only it was too long for a comment.)