SOAP-ERROR: Parsing WSDL: Couldn't load from - but works on WAMP

For some versions of php, the SoapClient does not send http user agent information. What php versions do you have on the server vs your local WAMP?

Try to set the user agent explicitly, using a context stream as follows:

try {
    $opts = array(
        'http' => array(
            'user_agent' => 'PHPSoapClient'
        )
    );
    $context = stream_context_create($opts);

    $wsdlUrl = 'http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/checkVatService.wsdl';
    $soapClientOptions = array(
        'stream_context' => $context,
        'cache_wsdl' => WSDL_CACHE_NONE
    );

    $client = new SoapClient($wsdlUrl, $soapClientOptions);

    $checkVatParameters = array(
        'countryCode' => 'DK',
        'vatNumber' => '47458714'
    );

    $result = $client->checkVat($checkVatParameters);
    print_r($result);
}
catch(Exception $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}

Edit

It actually seems to be some issues with the web service you are using. The combination of HTTP over IPv6, and missing HTTP User Agent string, seems to give the web service problems.

To verify this, try the following on your linux host:

curl  -A ''  -6 http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/checkVatService.wsdl

this IPv6 request fails.

curl  -A 'cURL User Agent'  -6 http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/checkVatService.wsdl

this IPv6 request succeeds.

curl  -A ''  -4 http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/checkVatService.wsdl
curl  -A 'cURL User Agent'  -4 http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/checkVatService.wsdl

both these IPv4 request succeeds.

Interesting case :) I guess your linux host resolves ec.europa.eu to its IPv6 address, and that your version of SoapClient did not add a user agent string by default.

Try this. I hope it helps

$options = [
    'cache_wsdl'     => WSDL_CACHE_NONE,
    'trace'          => 1,
    'stream_context' => stream_context_create(
        [
            'ssl' => [
                'verify_peer'       => false,
                'verify_peer_name'  => false,
                'allow_self_signed' => true
            ]
        ]
    )
];

$client = new SoapClient($url, $options);

This issue can be caused by the libxml entity loader having been disabled.

Try running libxml_disable_entity_loader(false); before instantiating SoapClient.