SQL Server Management Studio - using multiple filters in table list?

No, you can't do this. When we first got Management Studio I've tried every possible combination of everything you could think of: _, %, *, ", ', &&, &, and, or, |, ||, etc...

You might be able to roll your own addon to SMSS that would allow you to do what you are looking for:

The Black Art of Writing a SQL Server Management Studio 2005 Add-In

Extend Functionality in SQL Server 2005 Management Studio with Add-ins

The first one is specifically for searching and displaying all schema objects with a given name so you might be able to expand upon that for what you are looking for.