Storing KeePass database in cloud. How safe?

You can increase the resiliency of your KeePass database to brute force by increasing the number of PBKDF2 iterations when deriving the database encryption key from your password. You can do this in KeePass under File > Database settings > Security. Personally, I use around 5,000,000 rounds (1 s delay). Remember that mobile devices are slower.

It is hard to quantify exactly, but if you have the DB on a mobile device then I wouldn't say this is particularly any less secure. KeePass encrypts the DB because the file remaining secure isn't expected to be a guarantee. It's certainly preferable that the DB file not get in the wild, but if your security depends on the encrypted file remaining confidential, then you have bigger problems than whether to use cloud storage or not.

A sufficiently strong master password should prevent brute forcing at least long enough for a breach to be detected and for you to change the passwords within it. In this way, it may even be slightly preferable to having a local copy on a mobile device as someone may compromise the file if you take your eyes off your device even momentarily and it would be much harder to identify that breach occurred.

If you want to secure it even further, you can add another layer of security by encrypting the file you store in cloud storage online. The master password provides pretty good security as long as you choose a difficult to brute force password (long and truly random), but it still can't compete with an actual long encryption key. If you encrypt the file that you store online and then keep that key with you protected by a similar master password, now the online component alone is much, much harder to decrypt (likely impossible if done correctly) and if your key file gets compromised, you simply re-encrypt your online DB immediately with a new key. You're still in trouble if someone can compromise your cloud account first and get the file, but it requires two points of compromise instead of one.

Personally, I'd probably end up using my OwnCloud (which is self hosted), but I have the advantage of having my own personal web server and I realize that's not an option everyone can take advantage of. (The only reason I haven't is that I don't have a particular need to coordinate a key database in that manner.) A public cloud based solution should work as a fine second option though.

I use the KeePass-Dropbox combination. The password database is encrypted using a key derived from a strong master password. Even if somebody acquires your encrypted password database through your cloud account, a strong enough master password renders brute-force attacks infeasible.

Simply put: Use a strong master password and stop worrying about this.