Sum of Parts of An Array - JavaScript

There is no reason to compute the sum over and over. On a long array this will be very inefficient ( O(n²) ) and might explain your timeout errors. Compute the sum at the beginning and then subtract each element from it in a loop.

ls = [0, 1, 3, 6, 10]

function partsSums(ls) {
    let sum = ls.reduce((sum, n) => sum + n, 0)
    res  = [sum]
    for (let i = 1; i <= ls.length; i++){
        sum -= ls[i-1]
        res.push(sum )
    }
    return res
}
console.log(partsSums(ls))

Another solution that passed all of the tests:

function partsSums(ls) {
    let result = [0],
      l = ls.length - 1;
      
    for (let i = l; i >= 0; i--) {
        result.push(ls[i] + result[ l - i]);
    }
    return result.reverse();
}


console.log(partsSums([]));
console.log(partsSums([0, 1, 3, 6, 10])); 
console.log(partsSums([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]));
console.log(partsSums([744125, 935, 407, 454, 430, 90, 144, 6710213, 889, 810, 2579358]));