SVG image with a border / stroke

stroke does not apply to <image> or <use>, only shapes and text. If you want to draw a border round it, draw a <rect> after the image with the same x,y,width and height as the image and give that a stroke and a fill of "none".

As to translate vs x/y - it depends on your use case.

If for some reason you cannot change the SVG elements, there is a workaround using the outline CSS property:

#note-0 {
    outline: 6px solid white;
}