Template parse errors: There is no directive with "exportAs" set to "cdkDropList"

As stated in the API you need to import DragDropModule in your module

import {DragDropModule} from '@angular/cdk/drag-drop';

@NgModule({
  ...
  imports: [
    ...
    DragDropModule
    ...

an extra answer for those new to angular world. in angular Use the hash symbol (#) to declare a reference variable. The following reference variable, #phone, declares a phone variable on an element.

<input #phone placeholder="phone number" />

A template reference variable is often a reference to a DOM element within a template. It can also refer to a directive (which contains a component), an element, TemplateRef, or a web component. In most cases, Angular sets the reference variable's value to the element on which it is declared. but if you want to use a directive. it should be declared in reference variable value like below example

<form #itemForm="ngForm" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit(itemForm)">
  <label for="name"
    >Name <input class="form-control" name="name" ngModel required />
  </label>
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

ngForm is a directive . and it should be known to angular compiler. and in the question

<div
    cdkDropList
    #todoList="cdkDropList"
    [cdkDropListData]="todo"
    [cdkDropListConnectedTo]="[doneList]"
    class="example-list"
    (cdkDropListDropped)="drop($event)">
    <div class="example-box" *ngFor="let item of todo" cdkDrag>{{item}}</div>
  </div>
</div>

cdkDropList is a directive too. therefore it should be known to compiler and therefore its module should be imported to the module it is used