Tracking down a transaction rollback

There is a known issue in Spring '17: https://success.salesforce.com/issues_view?id=a1p3A0000008gJdQAI

Salesforce support can manually apply a fix to affected orgs if you open a case.

There's a discussion on this on MO. Also there are some notes on this in the MSRI held in 2009.

Also there are open problems in arithmetic algebraic geometry, which the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer can be said to be a part of.