TypeError: index() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given code example

Example 1: TypeError: takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given python

When Python tells you "generatecode() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was
given", it's telling you that your method is set up to take no arguments, but
the self argument is still being passed when the method is called, so in fact
it is receiving one argument.

Adding self to your method definition should resolve the problem.

Example 2: how to fix takes 0 positional arguments but 2 were given

#-----import statements-----
import turtle as trtl
import random as rand

# creating diablo
diablo = trtl.Turtle("arrow")
diablo.shapesize(2)
diablo.fillcolor("pink")
score = 0

score_keeper = trtl.Turtle()
score_keeper.hideturtle()
score_keeper.penup()
score_keeper.goto(200,200)
score_keeper.pendown()  
counter = trtl.Turtle()
font_setup = ("Arial", 20, "normal")
timer = 5
counter_interval = 1000   #1000 represents 1 second
timer_up = False
counter.hideturtle()
counter.penup()
counter.goto(-10,200)

reset_button = trtl.Turtle("circle")
reset_button.penup()
reset_button.goto(-100,-100)


# making new x and y values for diablo
def scored():
    global score
    score += 1
    score_keeper.clear()
    score_keeper.write(score)

def change_position():
    a = rand.randint(-250,250)
    b = rand.randint(-250,250)
    diablo.penup()
    diablo.goto(a,b)

def countdown():
    global timer, timer_up
    counter.clear()
    if timer <= 0:
        counter.write("Time's Up", font=font_setup)
        timer_up = True
        diablo.hideturtle()
    else:
        counter.write("Timer: " + str(timer), font=font_setup)
        timer -= 1
        counter.getscreen().ontimer(countdown, counter_interval)

def reset_now(self):
    counter = 0
    score = 0
    diablo.showturtle()

# naming when diablo gets clicked then changing position
def diablo_clicked(x, y):
    scored()
    change_position()
    
diablo.onclick(diablo_clicked)
reset_button.onclick(reset_now)
wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.ontimer(countdown, counter_interval)
wn.bgcolor("#79F0FF") 
wn.mainloop()