how does map work in javascript code code example

Example 1: javascript map function

const posts = [
  { id: 1, title: "Sample Title 1", description: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit..." },
  { id: 2, title: "Sample Title 2", description: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit..." },
  { id: 3, title: "Sample Title 3", description: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit..." },
];
// ES2016+
// Create new array of post IDs. I.e. [1,2,3]
const postIds = posts.map((post) => post.id);
// Create new array of post objects. I.e. [{ id: 1, title: "Sample Title 1" }]
const postSummaries = posts.map((post) => ({ id: post.id, title: post.title }));

// ES2015
// Create new array of post IDs. I.e. [1,2,3]
var postIds = posts.map(function (post) { return post.id; });
// Create new array of post objects. I.e. [{ id: 1, title: "Sample Title 1" }]
var postSummaries = posts.map(function (post) { return { id: post.id, title: post.title }; });

Example 2: javascript map function

/* Answer to: "javascript map function" */

/*
  <Array>.map() - One of the most useful in-built methods in JavaScript (imo).

  The map() method creates a new array populated with the results of calling
  a provided function on every element in the calling array.
 
  For more information, click on the source link.

  Let me make some examples of it's uses:
*/

let array = [1, 4, 9, 16];
array.map(num => num * 2); // [2, 8, 18, 32];
array.map(pounds => `£${pounds}.00`); // ["£1.00", "£4.00", "£9.00", "£16.00"];
array.map(item => Math.sqrt(item)); // [1, 2, 3, 4];