ubuntu where are programs installed code example

Example 1: application version on ubuntu

#in your terminal
apt show <program_name>

You can also use the old style apt-cache in either of the below two fashion:
apt-cache policy <program_name>
apt-cache show <program_name>

Example 2: list apt installed programs

# Use aptitude to get packages which were expressly installed (not just as dependecies)
aptitude search '~i!~M'