Unable to filter messages by recipient in Microsoft Graph Api. One or more invalid nodes

Another way to make the request might be to not use filter and use search instead, depending on exactly what you want (and you may have already tried this):

https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/me/messages?$search="to:[Email Address]"

After several hours looking for the solution, I found in the office365 documentation that the property toRecipients is not filterable:

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/office365/api/complex-types-for-mail-contacts-calendar#MessageResource

I guess that it's the same in the graph api. So the only solution is using search.