Unable to get app-scoped bookmark for file - OS X sandbox
To my everlasting shame, it was my fault.
Somehow in moving the project to a different machine for testing and debugging, code-signing for the Development build got turned off.
Apparently this causes things to (almost) silently fail, with no error code and only a cryptic message in the console, and no other indication that anything else isn't working properly.
Leaving this up here in case someone else mistakenly does the same thing.