UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xab in position 1: invalid start byte code example

Example 1: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x85 in position 715: invalid start byte

import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv(filename, encoding= 'unicode_escape')

Example 2: UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte invalid start byte

# Use 'ISO-8859-1' instead of "utf-8" for decoding
text = open(fn, 'rb').read().decode('ISO-8859-1')

Example 3: UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xa5 in position 10: invalid start byte

#use rb over r
with open(path, 'rb') as f:
  text = f.read()