Uri.EscapeDataString() - Invalid URI: The Uri string is too long

Or you could simply split your string and call Uri.EscapeDataString(string) for each block, in order to avoid reimplementing the function.

Sample Code:

        String value = "large string to encode";
        int limit = 2000;

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int loops = value.Length / limit;

        for (int i = 0; i <= loops; i++)
        {
            if (i < loops)
            {
                sb.Append(Uri.EscapeDataString(value.Substring(limit * i, limit)));
            }
            else
            {
                sb.Append(Uri.EscapeDataString(value.Substring(limit * i)));
            }
        }

The answer of "Alberto de Paola" is good.

Nonetheless, to unescape the escaped data is little bit trickier, because you have to avoid cutting the encoded string at the middle of an encoded char (or you will break the integrity of the original string).

Here's my way of fixing this issue :

public static string EncodeString(string str)
{
    //maxLengthAllowed .NET < 4.5 = 32765;
    //maxLengthAllowed .NET >= 4.5 = 65519;
    int maxLengthAllowed = 65519;
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    int loops = str.Length / maxLengthAllowed;

    for (int i = 0; i <= loops; i++)
    {
        sb.Append(Uri.EscapeDataString(i < loops
            ? str.Substring(maxLengthAllowed * i, maxLengthAllowed)
            : str.Substring(maxLengthAllowed * i)));
    }

    return sb.ToString();
}

public static string DecodeString(string encodedString)
{
    //maxLengthAllowed .NET < 4.5 = 32765;
    //maxLengthAllowed .NET >= 4.5 = 65519;
    int maxLengthAllowed = 65519;

    int charsProcessed = 0;
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    while (encodedString.Length > charsProcessed)
    {
        var stringToUnescape = encodedString.Substring(charsProcessed).Length > maxLengthAllowed
            ? encodedString.Substring(charsProcessed, maxLengthAllowed)
            : encodedString.Substring(charsProcessed);

        // If the loop cut an encoded tag (%xx), we cut before the encoded char to not loose the entire char for decoding
        var incorrectStrPos = stringToUnescape.Length == maxLengthAllowed ? stringToUnescape.IndexOf("%", stringToUnescape.Length - 4, StringComparison.InvariantCulture) : -1;
        if (incorrectStrPos > -1)
        {
            stringToUnescape = encodedString.Substring(charsProcessed).Length > incorrectStrPos
                ? encodedString.Substring(charsProcessed, incorrectStrPos)
                : encodedString.Substring(charsProcessed);
        }

        sb.Append(Uri.UnescapeDataString(stringToUnescape));
        charsProcessed += stringToUnescape.Length;
    }

    var decodedString = sb.ToString();

    // ensure the string is sanitized here or throw exception if XSS / SQL Injection is found
    SQLHelper.SecureString(decodedString);
    return decodedString;
}

To test these functions :

var testString = "long string to encode";
var encodedString = EncodeString(testString);
var decodedString = DecodeString(encodedString);

Console.WriteLine(decodedString == testString ? "integrity respected" : "integrity broken");

Hope this can help avoiding some headaches ;)