utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xe4 in position 0: code example

Example 1: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x85 in position 715: invalid start byte

import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv(filename, encoding= 'unicode_escape')

Example 2: 'charmap' codec can't decode byte 0x98 in position

file = open(filename, encoding="utf8")