vcpkg does not work for google test

I think that the autolinking behavior has been intentionally disabled for gtest, see vcpkg issue #306. Original comment on the issue: here.

The vcpkg implementation requires manual linking because Google Test can redefine main(), and the gtest functionality is duplicated in all of the four separate library files.
Official documentation.

The required per project configuration:
In: Configuration Properties > Linker > Input > Additional Dependencies
For release-builds:

$(VcpkgRoot)lib\manual-link\gtest_main.lib

For debug-builds:

$(VcpkgRoot)debug\lib\manual-link\gtest_main.lib

If you want to create your own custom main(), replace gtest_main.lib with gtest.lib.
If you want to use gmock, you can replace it with gmock_main.lib or gmock.lib.